Brass Alloys
Brass is an alloy composed primarily of copper and zinc, with varying proportions to achieve desired properties. This versatile metal is highly valued for its malleability, excellent corrosion resistance, and attractive golden color. Brass exhibits good electrical and thermal conductivity, making it an essential material in electrical components, musical instruments, plumbing fittings, and decorative art pieces. Its ductility allows it to be easily shaped into intricate designs, while its workability and low friction make it a preferred choice for fittings and valves. Brass has been a popular material since ancient times, appreciated for its durability and aesthetic appeal. With a wide range of applications in various industries, brass continues to be a fundamental metal choice that combines functionality and beauty.
Product Properties
Chemical Properties
| Alloy | Trade Name | Al | Cu | Fe | Mn | Ni | P | Pb | Si | Sn | Zn | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 220 | Commercial Bronze, 90% |
- |
89.0-91.0 |
0.05 |
- |
- |
- |
0.05 |
- |
- |
Rem. |
- |
| 230 | Red Brass, 85% |
- |
84.0-86.0 |
0.05 |
- |
- |
- |
0.05 |
- |
- |
Rem. |
- |
| 260 | Cartridge Brass, 70% |
- |
68.5-71.5 |
0.05 |
- |
- |
- |
0.07 |
- |
- |
Rem. |
- |
| 272 | - |
- |
62.0-65.0 |
0.07 |
- |
- |
- |
0.07 |
- |
- |
Rem. |
- |
| 330 | Low Leaded Brass (Tube) |
- |
65.0-68.0 |
0.07 |
- |
- |
- |
.25-.7 (.20 for O.D. > 5") |
- |
- |
Rem. |
- |
| 345 | - |
- |
62.0-65.0 |
0.15 |
- |
- |
- |
1.5-2.5 |
- |
- |
Rem. |
- |
| 353 | High Leaded Brass, 62% |
- |
60.0-63.0 (61.0 min. for rod) |
.15 (.10 for flat products) |
- |
- |
- |
1.5-2.5 |
- |
- |
Rem. |
- |
| 360 | Free Cutting Brass |
- |
60.0-63.0 |
0.35 |
- |
- |
- |
2.5-3.7 |
- |
- |
Rem. |
- |
| 385 | Architectural Bronze |
- |
55.0-59.0 |
0.35 |
- |
- |
- |
2.5-3.5 |
- |
0.3 |
Rem. |
— |
| 464 | Naval Brass, uninhibited |
- |
59.0-62.0 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
- |
0.2 |
- |
.5-1.0 |
Rem. |
- |
| 485 | Naval Brass, High Leaded |
- |
59.0-62.0 |
0.1 |
- |
- |
- |
1.3-2.2 |
- |
.5-1.0 |
Rem. |
- |
| 510 | Phosphor Bronze, 5% A |
- |
Rem. |
0.1 |
- |
- |
.03-.35 |
0.05 |
- |
4.2-5.8 |
0.3 |
- |
| 544 | Phosphor Bronze, B-2 |
- |
Rem. |
0.1 |
- |
- |
.01-.50 |
3.5-4.5 |
- |
3.5-4.5 |
1.5-4.5 |
- |
| 655 | High Silicon Bronze, A |
- |
Rem. |
0.8 |
.50-1.3 |
0.6 |
- |
0.05 |
2.8-3.8 |
- |
1.5 |
- |
| 673 | - |
0.25 |
58.0-63.0 |
0.5 |
2.0-3.5 |
0.25 |
- |
.40-3.0 |
.50-1.5 |
0.3 |
Rem. |
- |
| 863 | - |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mechanical Properties
| Alloy | Form | Size | Temper | Tensile Strength, ksi | Yield Strength, ksi | Elongation in 2 Inches, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.05 |
37 |
10 |
45 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.035 |
38 |
12 |
45 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.025 |
39 |
14 |
44 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.015 |
41 |
15 |
42 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Quarter Hard |
45 |
35 |
25 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Half Hard |
52 |
45 |
11 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Hard |
61 |
54 |
5 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Extra Hard |
67 |
58 |
4 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Spring |
72 |
62 |
3 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.25 |
0.035 |
38 |
12 |
50 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.25 |
Half Hard |
52 |
45 |
15 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
As Hot Rolled |
39 |
14 |
44 |
| 220 | Flat Product |
0.25 |
As Hot Rolled |
37 |
10 |
45 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.07 |
39 |
10 |
48 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
0.05 |
40 |
12 |
47 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
0.035 |
41 |
14 |
46 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
0.025 |
43 |
16 |
44 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
0.015 |
45 |
18 |
42 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
Extra Hard |
78 |
61 |
4 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
Hard |
70 |
57 |
5 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
Spring |
84 |
63 |
3 |
| 230 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
0.015 |
44 |
18 |
45 |
| 230 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
0.05 |
40 |
12 |
55 |
| 230 | Pipe |
.75 in. SPS |
0.015 |
44 |
18 |
45 |
| 230 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
Hard Drawn (35%) |
70 |
58 |
8 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
Quarter hard |
50 |
39 |
25 |
| 230 | Flat Product |
- |
Half Hard |
57 |
49 |
12 |
| 230 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
Light Drawn (15%) |
50 |
40 |
30 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.07 |
46 |
14 |
65 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.1 |
44 |
11 |
66 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.035 |
49 |
17 |
57 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.025 |
51 |
19 |
55 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.015 |
53 |
22 |
54 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.05 |
47 |
15 |
62 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Half Hard |
62 |
52 |
25 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Extra Hard |
86 |
65 |
5 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Spring |
94 |
65 |
3 |
| 260 | Wire |
0.08 |
0.05 |
48 |
- |
64 |
| 260 | Wire |
0.08 |
0.035 |
50 |
- |
60 |
| 260 | Wire |
0.08 |
0.025 |
52 |
- |
58 |
| 260 | Wire |
0.08 |
0.015 |
54 |
- |
56 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Extra Spring |
99 |
65 |
3 |
| 260 | Wire |
0.08 |
Quarter Hard |
70 |
- |
20 |
| 260 | Wire |
0.08 |
Extra Hard |
124 |
- |
4 |
| 260 | Wire |
0.08 |
Spring |
130 |
- |
3 |
| 260 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
0.05 |
47 |
15 |
65 |
| 260 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
0.025 |
52 |
20 |
55 |
| 260 | Wire |
0.08 |
Eighth Hard |
58 |
- |
35 |
| 260 | Rod |
1 |
Eighth Hard (6%) |
55 |
40 |
48 |
| 260 | Rod |
1 |
Half Hard (20%) |
70 |
52 |
30 |
| 260 | Rod |
1 |
0.05 |
48 |
16 |
65 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Quarter Hard |
54 |
40 |
43 |
| 260 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
Hard Drawn (35%) |
78 |
64 |
8 |
| 260 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Hard |
76 |
63 |
8 |
| 330 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
0.05 |
47 |
15 |
60 |
| 330 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
0.25 |
52 |
20 |
50 |
| 330 | Tube |
1.0 in. OD x .065 in. Wall |
Half Drawn (35%) |
75 |
60 |
7 |
| 353 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.035 |
49 |
17 |
52 |
| 353 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Half Hard |
61 |
50 |
20 |
| 353 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Hard |
74 |
60 |
7 |
| 353 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Extra Hard |
85 |
62 |
5 |
| 353 | Rod |
1 |
Half Hard (20%) |
58 |
45 |
25 |
| 353 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Quarter Hard |
54 |
40 |
38 |
| 360 | Rod |
1 |
Soft Anneal |
49 |
18 |
53 |
| 360 | Rod |
0.25 |
Half Hard (25%) |
68 |
52 |
18 |
| 360 | Rod |
1 |
Half Hard (20%) |
58 |
45 |
25 |
| 360 | Rod |
2 |
Half Hard (15%) |
55 |
44 |
32 |
| 365 | Plate |
1 |
As hot Rolled |
54 |
20 |
45 |
| 385 | Shapes |
1 |
M30 |
60 |
20 |
30 |
| 464 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Light Anneal |
62 |
30 |
40 |
| 464 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Quarter Hard |
70 |
58 |
17 |
| 464 | Flat Product |
0.25 |
Soft Anneal |
58 |
25 |
49 |
| 464 | Flat Product |
0.25 |
Light Anneal |
60 |
28 |
45 |
| 464 | Flat Product |
1 |
As Hot Rolled |
55 |
25 |
50 |
| 464 | Rod |
0.25 |
Light Anneal |
63 |
30 |
40 |
| 464 | Rod |
0.25 |
Quarter hard (10%) |
70 |
48 |
25 |
| 464 | Rod |
0.25 |
Soft Anneal |
58 |
27 |
45 |
| 464 | Rod |
0.25 |
Half Hard (20%) |
80 |
57 |
20 |
| 464 | Rod |
1 |
Light Annealed |
63 |
30 |
40 |
| 464 | Rod |
1 |
Quarter Hard (8%) |
69 |
46 |
27 |
| 464 | Rod |
1 |
Soft Anneal |
57 |
25 |
47 |
| 464 | Rod |
2 |
Light Anneal |
62 |
28 |
43 |
| 464 | Rod |
2 |
Soft Anneal |
56 |
25 |
47 |
| 464 | Rod |
2 |
Quarter Hard (8%) |
67 |
40 |
35 |
| 464 | Rod |
1 |
Half Hard (20%) |
75 |
53 |
20 |
| 485 | Rod |
1 |
Half Hard (20%) |
75 |
53 |
15 |
| 485 | Rod |
1 |
Quarter Hard (8%) |
69 |
46 |
20 |
| 485 | Rod |
1 |
Soft Anneal |
57 |
25 |
40 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.05 |
47 |
19 |
64 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.035 |
49 |
20 |
58 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.025 |
50 |
21 |
52 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.015 |
53 |
22 |
50 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Half Hard |
68 |
55 |
28 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Extra Hard |
92 |
80 |
6 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Spring |
100 |
80 |
4 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Extra Spring |
1107 |
80 |
3 |
| 510 | Rod |
0.5 |
Half Hard (20%) |
75 |
65 |
25 |
| 510 | Rod |
1 |
Half Hard (20%) |
70 |
58 |
25 |
| 510 | Wire |
0.08 |
Quarter Hard |
68 |
60 |
24 |
| 510 | Wire |
0.08 |
0.035 |
50 |
20 |
58 |
| 510 | Wire |
0.08 |
Half Hard |
85 |
80 |
8 |
| 510 | Wire |
0.08 |
Spring |
140 |
- |
2 |
| 510 | Wire |
0.08 |
Extr hard (75%) |
130 |
- |
3 |
| 510 | Wire |
0.08 |
Hard |
110 |
- |
5 |
| 510 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Hard |
81 |
75 |
10 |
| 544 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.035 |
44 |
19 |
50 |
| 544 | Rod |
0.5 |
Hard (35%) |
75 |
63 |
15 |
| 544 | Rod |
1 |
Hard (25%) |
68 |
57 |
20 |
| 544 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Half Hard |
58 |
40 |
24 |
| 655 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.07 |
56 |
21 |
63 |
| 655 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.035 |
60 |
25 |
60 |
| 655 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
0.015 |
63 |
30 |
55 |
| 655 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Hard |
94 |
58 |
8 |
| 655 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Spring |
110 |
62 |
4 |
| 655 | Rod |
1 |
0.05 |
58 |
22 |
60 |
| 655 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Extra Hard |
104 |
60 |
6 |
| 655 | Rod |
1 |
Half Hard (20%) |
78 |
45 |
35 |
| 655 | Rod |
1 |
Hard (36%) |
92 |
55 |
22 |
| 655 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Half Hard |
78 |
45 |
17 |
| 655 | Rod |
1 |
Extra Hard (50%) |
108 |
60 |
13 |
| 655 | Flat Product |
0.04 |
Quarter Hard |
68 |
35 |
30 |
| 673 | - |
- |
- |
75 |
55 |
15 |
Physical Properties
| Alloy | Melting Point, Liquidus (°F) | Melting Point, Solidus (°F) | Density, 68°F (Lb/In³) | Coefficient Of Linear Thermal Expansion, 68 - 572°F (x 10⁻⁶/°F) | Thermal Conductivity, 68°F (Btu/Ft²/Ft/Hr/°F) | Electrical Conductivity, Annealed, 68°F (%IACS) | Specific Heat, 68°F (Btu/Lb/°F) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 220 | 1910 |
1870 |
0.318 |
10.2 |
109 |
44 |
0.09 |
| 230 | 1880 |
1810 |
0.316 |
10.4 |
92 |
37 |
0.09 |
| 260 | 1750 |
1680 |
0.308 |
11.1 |
70 |
28 |
0.09 |
| 330 | 1720 |
1660 |
0.307 |
11.2 |
67 |
26 |
0.09 |
| 353 | 1670 |
1630 |
0.306 |
11.3 |
67 |
26 |
0.09 |
| 360 | 1650 |
1630 |
0.307 |
11.4 |
67 |
26 |
0.09 |
| 385 | 1690 |
1610 |
0.306 |
11.6 |
71 |
28 |
- |
| 464 | 1650 |
1630 |
0.304 |
11.8 |
67 |
26 |
0.09 |
| 485 | 1650 |
1630 |
0.305 |
11.8 |
67 |
26 |
0.09 |
| 510 | 1920 |
1750 |
0.32 |
9.9 |
40 |
15 |
0.09 |
| 544 | 1830 |
1700 |
0.321 |
9.6 |
50 |
19 |
0.09 |
| 655 | 1880 |
1780 |
0.308 |
10 |
21 |
7 |
0.09 |
| 673 | - |
- |
0.3 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Fabrication Properties
| Alloy | Machinability Rating (Free Cutting Brass = 100) | Soldering | Brazing | Oxyacetylene Welding | Gas Shielded Arc Welding | Coated Metal Arc Welding | Spot | Seam | Butt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 220 | 20 |
E |
E |
G |
G |
NR |
NR |
NR |
G |
| 230 | 30 |
E |
E |
G |
G |
NR |
F |
NR |
G |
| 260 | 30 |
E |
E |
G |
F |
NR |
G |
NR |
G |
| 330 | 60 |
E |
G |
F |
F |
NR |
F |
NR |
F |
| 353 | 90 |
E |
G |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
F |
| 360 | 100 |
E |
G |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
F |
| 464 | 30 |
E |
E |
G |
F |
NR |
G |
F |
G |
| 485 | 70 |
E |
G |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
F |
| 510 | 20 |
E |
E |
F |
G |
F |
G |
F |
E |
| 544 | 80 |
E |
G |
NR |
NR |
Nr |
NR |
NR |
F |
| 655 | 30 |
G |
E |
G |
E |
F |
E |
E |
E |
220
C220 is also called 90/10 Commercial Bronze. This alloy contains 10% max lead, iron, and zinc aids in ductility, excellent malleability, strength, and hardness, anti-galling, and corrosion resistance.
Shapes Offered
230
C230 Brass Alloy is also known as 85/15 Red Brass with 85% copper and the remaining 15% max lead, iron, and zinc. It has high resistance to season cracking and pitting. C230 can be easily soldered, brazed, cold worked, hot formed, and has excellent corrosion resistance. Due to color, it is popularly used in outdoor architectural applications.
Shapes Offered
260
C260 is also called 70/30 Cartridge Brass and is the most ductile of the brasses and is used in greater quantity than any other copper-zinc alloy. It can be easily soldered, brazed, and cold worked. C260 has excellent to good corrosion resistance in most environments but not suitable to use with certain materials such as acetic acid, moist ammonia or ammonia compounds, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid.
272
C272, also called Yellow Brass due to its color thanks to the 35% composition of lead, iron, tin, and zinc. C272 has greater strength and hardness as compared to purer copper alloys. This alloy has an excellent rating for cold working but is not good for hot working.
Shapes Offered
314
C314 Leaded Commercial Bronze combines the natural corrosion resistance of C220 with the machinability typical of leaded brasses. It has 9% zinc plus approximately 2% lead for free-machining characteristics. The alloy has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. C314 is highly rated for soldering, brazing, and cold working but not recommended for hot forming.
Shapes Offered
330
C330 is a low leaded yellow brass with 35% composition of lead, iron, and zinc. Only produced in tube form, it is highly rated for soldering, brazing and cold working. Due to lead content, welding is not recommended.
Shapes Offered
353
C353 has a copper content like free machining brass C360 but with only 2% lead. The chemistry gives the alloy an increased hardness and rigidity but limits ductility. The alloy is highly ranked for soldering and brazing and has a 90% machinability rating. It is not recommended for welding.
Shapes Offered
360
Brass alloy 360 is considered the bread and butter of the screw machine industry. C360 free cutting brass has a machinability rating of 100%. This is due to the up to 3.1% lead allowing for high speeds and feeds. C360 has high rankings for soldering and brazing but is not recommended for welding.
Shapes Offered
385
Alloy C385 is considered bronze with lead, iron, and trace amounts of zinc. Known as an architectural bronze alloy, it is similar to 360 brass with a 90% machinability rating. It is rated excellent for hot working but poor for cold forming and is not recommended for welding.
464
Called Naval Brass, this alloy has zinc and tin added for improved corrosion resistance in marine applications. Noted for its resistance to wear, fatigue, galling and stress corrosion cracking. C464 has excellent properties for soldering, brazing and hot forming. While it can be moderately cold worked, C464 only has a machinability rating of 30% (compared to 100% for 360 brass).
Shapes Offered
485
Connu sous le nom de laiton naval à haute teneur en plomb, le C485 contient du zinc, de l'étain, du fer et du plomb pour une meilleure usinabilité (70 % contre 30 % pour le 464). Il est réputé pour sa résistance à la corrosion dans les applications marines, à l'usure, à la fatigue, au grippage/saisissage et à la fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte. Bien que le C485 soit excellent pour le soudage, bon pour le brasage et le formage à chaud, il n'est pas recommandé pour le formage à froid ou le soudage.
Formes offertes
510
Le bronze phosphoreux C510 510 est un alliage d'étain, de phosphore, de zinc, de fer et de plomb. Les alliages de bronze phosphoreux se distinguent par leur ténacité, leur résistance et leur bonne conductivité. Le C510 est excellent pour le soudage, le brasage et le travail à froid. Cependant, il n'est pas recommandé pour le formage à chaud et son taux d'usinabilité n'est que de 20 %. L'aptitude au soudage dépend de la technique appliquée.
Formes offertes
544
Le bronze phosphoreux C544 contient des quantités plus élevées de plomb, d'étain, de zinc et de phosphore. Ces teneurs plus élevées augmentent la solidité, la résistance à la corrosion et la résistance à l'usure. En outre, la teneur élevée en plomb permet d'obtenir un taux d'usinabilité de 80 %, mais n'est pas recommandée pour le soudage.
Formes offertes
655
Le bronze à haute teneur en silicium C655 est un alliage de bronze populaire en raison de sa haute résistance, de sa résistance à la corrosion à la plupart des acides, des alcalis, des sels et d'autres produits chimiques. Le C655 présente une excellente aptitude à la déformation à chaud et à froid et est très bien adapté à de nombreuses méthodes de soudage.
Formes offertes
693
C693 est une alternative "sans plomb" au laiton C360 pour l'usinage libre, avec seulement 0,09% de plomb maximum et du silicium ajouté pour la lubrification. L'alliage a un taux d'usinabilité de 85%, cependant, en raison des niveaux de silicone, les déchets générés doivent être séparés et ne peuvent pas être recyclés avec le C360 et d'autres déchets d'alliages de laiton.
863
Le bronze au manganèse C863 offre une résistance et une durabilité élevées, ainsi que la capacité de fonctionner sous des charges et des vitesses importantes. Bien que le C863 ait une bonne résistance à la corrosion, il présente des caractéristiques médiocres pour plusieurs techniques de soudage et un faible taux d'usinabilité.
Formes offertes
27450
Le C27450 est une alternative à faible teneur en plomb au C360 pour l'usinage libre du laiton avec un maximum de 0,25 % de plomb. Contrairement au C693, les déchets générés par l'usinage du C27450 peuvent être recyclés avec le C360 et d'autres alliages de laiton. Bien que l'alliage ait un taux d'usinabilité de 70 % et un excellent taux de déformation à froid, de formage à chaud, de soudage et de brasage, le C27450 a une aptitude limitée aux techniques de soudage.
Formes offertes
71580
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Formes offertes
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